油氣污染物主要由碳?xì)涞葥]發(fā)性有機(jī)物組成，許多成分具有致癌作用，并且在空氣中會轉(zhuǎn)化生成臭氧（O3）和細(xì)顆粒物（PM2.5），是造成光化學(xué)煙霧、灰霾等大氣污染問題的重要原因。同時，油氣污染物屬于易燃易爆氣體，遇火極易發(fā)生爆炸或火災(zāi)事故。通過油氣污染治理，可以將油氣進(jìn)行回收和集中處理，進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠停欣诠?jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境。01

　　Oil and gas pollutants are mainly composed of volatile organic compounds such as hydrocarbons, many of which have carcinogenic effects and can be converted into ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the air. They are an important cause of atmospheric pollution problems such as photochemical smog and haze. Meanwhile, oil and gas pollutants belong to flammable and explosive gases, which are highly prone to explosions or fire accidents when exposed to fire. Through the treatment of oil and gas pollution, oil and gas can be recovered and centrally processed, further converted into gasoline, which is beneficial for conserving resources and protecting the environment. 01

　　油氣回收的政策要求

　　Policy requirements for oil and gas recovery

　　《打贏藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)三年行動計劃》《柴油貨車污染治理攻堅戰(zhàn)行動計劃》《重點行業(yè)揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物綜合治理方案》《2020年揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物治理攻堅方案》等一系列文件均提出加強(qiáng)油品儲運銷VOCs污染治理。2018年發(fā)布的《加油站油氣回收在線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)技術(shù)要求（征求意見稿）》，規(guī)定了汽車加油站在進(jìn)行油氣回收在線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)安裝建設(shè)時的系統(tǒng)組成、應(yīng)遵循的技術(shù)要求、性能指標(biāo)和安裝要求。適用于加油站油氣回收在線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計、安裝、檢驗及驗收的指導(dǎo)，也可用于油氣回收系統(tǒng)的日常運行維護(hù)監(jiān)控。為進(jìn)一步推動加油站VOCs減排，出臺了《加油站大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB 20952—2020）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)定了加油站在汽油（包括含醇汽油）卸油、儲存、加油過程中油氣排放控制要求、監(jiān)測和監(jiān)督管理要求。加油站汽油系統(tǒng)需配套安裝油氣回收設(shè)施。根據(jù)《排污單位自行監(jiān)測技術(shù)指南?儲油庫、加油站》（HJ 1249—2022）的規(guī)定，自2022年1月1日起，依法被確定為重點排污單位的加油站依法依規(guī)應(yīng)當(dāng)安裝使用自動監(jiān)測設(shè)備。這要求重點加油站必須安裝和運行油氣回收在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，以確保油氣回收效率和環(huán)境安全。

　　A series of documents, including the "Three Year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defense War," "Action Plan for Fighting Diesel Truck Pollution Control," "Comprehensive Management Plan for Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries," and "2020 Volatile Organic Compound Control Plan," all propose to strengthen the treatment of VOCs pollution in oil storage, transportation, and sales. The "Technical Requirements for Online Monitoring System of Oil and Gas Recovery at Gas Stations (Draft for Comments)" released in 2018 specifies the system composition, technical requirements, performance indicators, and installation requirements that should be followed when installing and constructing online monitoring systems for oil and gas recovery at automobile gas stations. This is a guide for the design, installation, inspection, and acceptance of online monitoring systems for oil and gas recovery at gas stations, and can also be used for daily operation, maintenance, and monitoring of oil and gas recovery systems. In order to further promote the reduction of VOCs emissions at gas stations, the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants at Gas Stations" (GB 20952-2020) standard has been issued, which stipulates the requirements for controlling oil and gas emissions during the unloading, storage, and refueling process of gasoline (including alcohol containing gasoline) at gas stations, as well as monitoring and supervision management requirements. The gasoline system at the gas station needs to be equipped with oil and gas recovery facilities. According to the "Technical Guidelines for Self Monitoring of Pollutant Discharge Units - Oil Storage Tanks and Gas Stations" (HJ 1249-2022), starting from January 1, 2022, gas stations designated as key pollutant discharge units shall install and use automatic monitoring equipment in accordance with laws and regulations. This requires key gas stations to install and operate oil and gas recovery online monitoring systems to ensure oil and gas recovery efficiency and environmental safety.

　　各地也紛紛響應(yīng)油氣回收建設(shè)要求，如《山東省加油站油氣回收在線監(jiān)控及聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)要求》規(guī)定，2022年年底前，已與生態(tài)環(huán)境部門聯(lián)網(wǎng)的年銷售汽油量大于5000噸（含）的加油站完成聯(lián)網(wǎng)升級改造。推進(jìn)年銷售汽油量大于3000噸（含）的加油站安裝油氣回收在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，并與生態(tài)環(huán)境部門聯(lián)網(wǎng)，2023—2025年，分別至少完成本市加油站保有量30%、30%、40%的聯(lián)網(wǎng)任務(wù)，2025年年底前全部完成?！逗鲜〈髿馕廴痉乐巍笆刈o(hù)藍(lán)天”攻堅行動計劃（2023—2025年）》提出，到2025年，年銷售汽油量大于5000噸（含）的加油站全面完成油氣回收在線監(jiān)測設(shè)施安裝并聯(lián)網(wǎng)。《廣東省空氣質(zhì)量持續(xù)改善行動方案》要求到2025年，年銷售汽油量大于（含）2000噸的加油站全部安裝油氣回收自動監(jiān)控設(shè)施并與生態(tài)環(huán)境部門聯(lián)網(wǎng)。?

　　Various regions have also responded to the requirements for oil and gas recovery construction, such as the "Technical Requirements for Online Monitoring and Networking of Oil and Gas Recovery at Gas Stations in Shandong Province", which stipulates that by the end of 2022, gas stations with an annual sales volume of more than 5000 tons (including) that have been connected to the ecological environment department shall complete the network upgrade and renovation. Promote the installation of online monitoring systems for oil and gas recovery at gas stations with an annual sales volume of over 3000 tons (including), and connect them with the ecological environment department. From 2023 to 2025, at least 30%, 30%, and 40% of the city's gas station inventory will be connected, and all will be completed by the end of 2025. The Action Plan for "Guarding Blue Sky" in Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Hunan Province (2023-2025) proposes that by 2025, gas stations with an annual sales volume of more than 5000 tons (including) of gasoline will fully complete the installation and networking of online monitoring facilities for oil and gas recovery. The Action Plan for Continuous Improvement of Air Quality in Guangdong Province requires that by 2025, all gas stations with an annual sales volume of more than (including) 2000 tons of gasoline should install automatic monitoring facilities for oil and gas recovery and be connected to the ecological environment department.?

　　02

　　02

　　加油站油氣回收工作原理

　　Working principle of gas station oil and gas recovery

　　1.卸油過程監(jiān)測01在油罐車卸油時，油氣回收系統(tǒng)會將油罐車內(nèi)的油氣通過氣相管道輸送回加油站的地下油罐。在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中的傳感器會監(jiān)測氣相管道內(nèi)的壓力、流量和油氣濃度。例如，根據(jù)伯努利方程，通過監(jiān)測壓力差和流量可以判斷油氣是否正?；厥?。如果壓力差過小或者流量異常，可能是卸油油氣回收裝置出現(xiàn)故障。2.加油過程監(jiān)測02當(dāng)汽車加油時，加油槍的出油動作會同時觸發(fā)油氣回收。油氣通過回收通道被收集到地下油罐或者油氣回收處理設(shè)備中。系統(tǒng)通過流量傳感器監(jiān)測加油量，同時利用壓力和濃度傳感器監(jiān)測回收油氣的狀態(tài)。例如，按照一定的油氣回收比例（如 1:1 的氣液比），當(dāng)加油量為 10?升時，理論上應(yīng)該回收 10?升左右的油氣。如果實際回收量與理論值偏差過大，系統(tǒng)就會發(fā)出警報。3.儲油過程監(jiān)測03在儲油階段，主要監(jiān)測地下油罐內(nèi)的壓力和油氣濃度變化。因為溫度變化等因素可能會導(dǎo)致油罐內(nèi)油氣壓力和濃度改變。通過監(jiān)測這些參數(shù)，可以及時發(fā)現(xiàn)油罐的密封性能是否良好。如果油罐密封不好，油氣會泄漏，導(dǎo)致油氣濃度下降和壓力異常。

　　1. Unloading process monitoring 01: When unloading oil from a tanker truck, the oil and gas recovery system will transport the oil and gas inside the tanker truck back to the underground oil tank at the gas station through gas-phase pipelines. The sensors in the online monitoring system will monitor the pressure, flow rate, and oil and gas concentration inside the gas-phase pipeline. For example, according to the Bernoulli equation, monitoring pressure difference and flow rate can determine whether oil and gas are being recovered normally. If the pressure difference is too small or the flow rate is abnormal, it may be a malfunction of the oil and gas recovery device. 2. Refueling process monitoring 02: When the car is refueling, the dispensing action of the refueling gun will simultaneously trigger the recovery of oil and gas. Oil and gas are collected into underground oil tanks or oil and gas recovery and treatment equipment through recovery channels. The system monitors the refueling volume through flow sensors, while using pressure and concentration sensors to monitor the status of recovered oil and gas. For example, according to a certain oil and gas recovery ratio (such as a 1:1 gas-liquid ratio), when the refueling amount is 10? In theory, should 10 be recycled when lifting? Approximately one liter of oil and gas. If the actual recycling amount deviates too much from the theoretical value, the system will issue an alarm. 3. Monitoring of oil storage process 03 During the oil storage stage, the main focus is on monitoring the pressure and changes in oil and gas concentration inside the underground oil tank. Due to factors such as temperature changes, the pressure and concentration of oil and gas inside the oil tank may change. By monitoring these parameters, it is possible to promptly detect whether the sealing performance of the oil tank is good. If the oil tank is not sealed properly, oil and gas will leak, causing a decrease in oil and gas concentration and abnormal pressure.

　　03

　　03

　　油氣回收在線監(jiān)控哪些數(shù)據(jù)

　　What data is monitored online for oil and gas recovery

　　1.加油槍監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)氣液比

　　1. Gas liquid ratio of fuel gun monitoring data

　　定義與計算：氣液比是指加油時回收的油氣體積與所加燃油體積之比。通過在加油槍和油氣回收管道分別安裝流量傳感器，實時獲取油氣流量和燃油流量，然后計算氣液比。例如，若加油槍燃油流速為30L/min，油氣回收管道油氣流量為36L/min（假設(shè)此時油氣已換算為與燃油相同的體積單位），則氣液比為36÷30 = 1.2。重要性與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍：氣液比是衡量油氣回收效率的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。正常情況下，其范圍一般在1.0 - 1.2之間。如果氣液比過高，可能是油氣回收系統(tǒng)吸力過大，會對汽車油箱等造成損害；如果氣液比過低，則說明油氣回收不完全，大量油氣會泄漏到大氣中，造成環(huán)境污染和安全隱患。油氣流速和油氣流量

　　Definition and Calculation: Gas liquid ratio refers to the ratio of the volume of recovered oil and gas to the volume of fuel added during refueling. By installing flow sensors on the refueling gun and oil and gas recovery pipeline respectively, real-time oil and gas flow rates and fuel flow rates can be obtained, and then the gas-liquid ratio can be calculated. For example, if the fuel flow rate of the refueling gun is 30L/min and the oil and gas flow rate of the oil and gas recovery pipeline is 36L/min (assuming that the oil and gas have been converted to the same volume unit as the fuel), then the gas-liquid ratio is 36 ÷ 30=1.2. Importance and standard range: Gas liquid ratio is a key indicator for measuring the efficiency of oil and gas recovery. Under normal circumstances, its range is generally between 1.0-1.2. If the gas-liquid ratio is too high, it may be due to excessive suction in the oil and gas recovery system, which can cause damage to the car's fuel tank, etc; If the gas-liquid ratio is too low, it indicates incomplete oil and gas recovery, and a large amount of oil and gas will leak into the atmosphere, causing environmental pollution and safety hazards. Oil and gas flow rate and oil and gas flow rate

　　油氣流速：油氣流速是指油氣在油氣回收管道中的流動速度，單位通常為米/秒（m/s）。它與油氣流量密切相關(guān)，并且受到管道直徑、油氣回收泵的功率等因素的影響。例如，在直徑較小的油氣回收管道中，為了保證一定的油氣流量，油氣流速可能會相對較高。油氣流量：油氣流量是指單位時間內(nèi)通過油氣回收管道的油氣體積，單位為立方米/分鐘（m?/min）或升/分鐘（L/min）。準(zhǔn)確測量油氣流量對于評估油氣回收系統(tǒng)的運行效率至關(guān)重要。在實際監(jiān)測中，通過安裝在油氣回收管道上的流量傳感器來獲取油氣流量數(shù)據(jù)，并且要根據(jù)加油槍的出油情況來判斷油氣流量是否正常。例如，當(dāng)加油槍出油流量為一定值時，油氣流量應(yīng)根據(jù)氣液比要求保持在相應(yīng)的合理范圍內(nèi)。燃油流速和燃油流量

　　Oil and gas flow velocity: Oil and gas flow velocity refers to the flow velocity of oil and gas in the oil and gas recovery pipeline, usually measured in meters per second (m/s). It is closely related to the flow rate of oil and gas, and is influenced by factors such as pipeline diameter and power of oil and gas recovery pumps. For example, in oil and gas recovery pipelines with smaller diameters, in order to ensure a certain oil and gas flow rate, the oil and gas flow velocity may be relatively high. Oil and gas flow rate: Oil and gas flow rate refers to the volume of oil and gas passing through the oil and gas recovery pipeline per unit time, measured in cubic meters per minute (m?/min) or liters per minute (L/min). Accurately measuring oil and gas flow rate is crucial for evaluating the operational efficiency of oil and gas recovery systems. In actual monitoring, oil and gas flow data is obtained through flow sensors installed on the oil and gas recovery pipeline, and whether the oil and gas flow is normal is judged based on the oil discharge of the refueling gun. For example, when the oil flow rate of the refueling gun is a certain value, the oil and gas flow rate should be maintained within a reasonable range according to the gas-liquid ratio requirements. Fuel flow rate and fuel flow rate

　　燃油流速：燃油流速是指燃油從加油槍流出的速度，單位為升/分鐘（L/min）。它主要取決于加油槍的型號和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。不同型號的加油槍燃油流速不同，燃油流速的穩(wěn)定與否也能反映加油槍的工作狀態(tài)是否正常。燃油流量：燃油流量是指在一定時間內(nèi)從加油槍流出的燃油總體積，單位為升（L）。通過對燃油流量的監(jiān)測，可以準(zhǔn)確計算出加油的總量，用于加油站的油品銷售統(tǒng)計等工作。同時，燃油流量也是計算氣液比的重要參數(shù)之一，與油氣流量配合使用，來評估油氣回收系統(tǒng)的性能?；厥沼蜌鉂舛?/p>

　　Fuel flow rate: Fuel flow rate refers to the speed at which fuel flows out of the fuel nozzle, measured in liters per minute (L/min). It mainly depends on the model and internal structure of the fuel gun. The fuel flow rate of different models of refueling guns varies, and the stability of the fuel flow rate can also reflect whether the refueling gun is working properly. Fuel flow rate: Fuel flow rate refers to the total volume of fuel flowing out of the fuel nozzle within a certain period of time, measured in liters (L). By monitoring the fuel flow rate, the total amount of fuel added can be accurately calculated, which can be used for fuel sales statistics at gas stations. Meanwhile, fuel flow rate is also one of the important parameters for calculating gas-liquid ratio, which is used in conjunction with oil and gas flow rate to evaluate the performance of the oil and gas recovery system. Recovery of oil and gas concentration

　　定義與測量方法：回收油氣濃度是指回收的油氣中油氣成分所占的比例，通常用體積分?jǐn)?shù)（%）或質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)（g/m?）來表示。可以通過氣體檢測儀器，如氣相色譜儀或紅外吸收式氣體檢測儀等來測量回收油氣濃度。這些儀器能夠?qū)τ蜌庵械闹饕煞郑ㄈ缣細(xì)浠衔铮┻M(jìn)行分析，從而得出準(zhǔn)確的濃度數(shù)據(jù)。作用與影響因素：回收油氣濃度對于評估后處理裝置（如活性炭吸附裝置、冷凝裝置等）的負(fù)荷和處理效果很重要。如果回收油氣濃度過高，可能會超出后處理裝置的處理能力，導(dǎo)致處理不完全，使部分油氣排放到大氣中。其濃度受到多種因素的影響，如加油量、汽車油箱內(nèi)原有油氣含量、油氣回收系統(tǒng)的密封性等?；厥沼蜌鉁囟?/p>

　　Definition and measurement method: The concentration of recovered oil and gas refers to the proportion of oil and gas components in the recovered oil and gas, usually expressed as volume fraction (%) or mass fraction (g/m?). The concentration of recovered oil and gas can be measured using gas detection instruments such as gas chromatographs or infrared absorption gas detectors. These instruments can analyze the main components in oil and gas, such as hydrocarbons, to obtain accurate concentration data. Function and influencing factors: The concentration of recovered oil and gas is important for evaluating the load and treatment effect of post-treatment devices (such as activated carbon adsorption devices, condensation devices, etc.). If the concentration of recovered oil and gas is too high, it may exceed the processing capacity of the post-treatment device, resulting in incomplete treatment and partial emission of oil and gas into the atmosphere. Its concentration is influenced by various factors, such as the amount of fuel added, the existing oil and gas content in the car's fuel tank, and the sealing of the oil and gas recovery system. Recovery oil and gas temperature

　　影響因素與變化范圍：回收油氣溫度主要受到環(huán)境溫度、油品溫度以及油氣回收過程中的能量轉(zhuǎn)換等因素的影響。一般情況下，回收油氣溫度在環(huán)境溫度到油品溫度之間波動。例如，在夏季高溫環(huán)境下，回收油氣溫度可能會相對較高；而在冬季，溫度則會較低。其溫度范圍可能在?- 20℃到60℃左右，具體取決于加油站所處的地理位置和季節(jié)。對系統(tǒng)的影響：回收油氣溫度會影響油氣的物理性質(zhì)，如密度和體積，進(jìn)而影響油氣流量和油氣回收效率。較高的溫度會使油氣體積膨脹，可能導(dǎo)致油氣回收管道內(nèi)壓力升高；同時，溫度也會對后處理裝置的運行產(chǎn)生影響，如在活性炭吸附過程中，溫度過高可能會降低吸附效果。

　　Influencing factors and range of variation: The temperature of recovered oil and gas is mainly affected by environmental temperature, oil temperature, and energy conversion during the oil and gas recovery process. In general, the temperature of recovered oil and gas fluctuates between ambient temperature and oil temperature. For example, in high temperature environments during summer, the temperature of recovered oil and gas may be relatively high; In winter, the temperature will be lower. What is the possible temperature range? -Around 20 ℃ to 60 ℃, depending on the geographical location and season of the gas station. The impact on the system: The temperature of the recovered oil and gas will affect the physical properties of the oil and gas, such as density and volume, which in turn will affect the oil and gas flow rate and oil and gas recovery efficiency. Higher temperatures can cause the volume of oil and gas to expand, which may lead to an increase in pressure inside the oil and gas recovery pipeline; At the same time, temperature can also affect the operation of the post-treatment device. For example, during the adsorption process of activated carbon, excessive temperature may reduce the adsorption effect. liquid resistance

　　液阻定義與測量方式：液阻是指油氣回收管道內(nèi)由于液體（如油品或冷凝水）積聚對油氣流動產(chǎn)生的阻力。通常通過在油氣回收管道中設(shè)置壓力傳感器，在一定的油氣流量下（如30L/min），測量管道兩端的壓力差來判斷液阻大小。例如，當(dāng)壓力差超過規(guī)定值（如4.5kPa）時，判定為液阻過大。危害與解決措施：液阻過大會阻礙油氣的正?；厥眨瑢?dǎo)致油氣不能順利回到油罐，從而造成油氣泄漏。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)液阻過大，需要檢查油氣回收管道是否存在積水、油品積聚或其他堵塞物，及時清理管道以降低液阻，保證油氣回收系統(tǒng)的正常運行。加油槍狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)

　　Definition and measurement method: Liquid resistance refers to the resistance caused by the accumulation of liquid (such as oil or condensate) in the oil and gas recovery pipeline to the flow of oil and gas. Usually, pressure sensors are installed in the oil and gas recovery pipeline to measure the pressure difference at both ends of the pipeline at a certain oil and gas flow rate (such as 30L/min) to determine the size of the liquid resistance. For example, when the pressure difference exceeds the specified value (such as 4.5kPa), it is judged as excessive liquid resistance. Hazards and solutions: Excessive liquid resistance can hinder the normal recovery of oil and gas, resulting in the inability of oil and gas to return to the oil tank smoothly, leading to oil and gas leakage. If excessive liquid resistance is found, it is necessary to check whether there is water accumulation, oil accumulation or other blockages in the oil and gas recovery pipeline, and clean the pipeline in a timely manner to reduce liquid resistance and ensure the normal operation of the oil and gas recovery system. Fuel gun status data

　　監(jiān)測加油槍的關(guān)?；騿⒂脮r間對于加油站的運營管理和安全很重要?？梢詼?zhǔn)確記錄每一次加油的開始時間和結(jié)束時間，從而統(tǒng)計加油的時長、頻率等信息。同時，這也有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)異常的加油操作，比如加油槍長時間未關(guān)閉等情況。

　　Monitoring the shutdown or activation time of fuel guns is crucial for the operational management and safety of gas stations. It is possible to accurately record the start and end times of each refueling, in order to calculate the duration, frequency, and other information of refueling. At the same time, this also helps to detect abnormal refueling operations, such as situations where the refueling gun has not been turned off for a long time.

　　2.環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)油氣污染物主要由碳?xì)涞葥]發(fā)性有機(jī)物組成，許多成分具有致癌作用，并且在空氣中會轉(zhuǎn)化生成臭氧（O3）和細(xì)顆粒物（PM2.5），是造成光化學(xué)煙霧、灰霾等大氣污染問題的重要原因。同時，油氣污染物屬于易燃易爆氣體，遇火極易發(fā)生爆炸或火災(zāi)事故。通過油氣污染治理，可以將油氣進(jìn)行回收和集中處理，進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠?，有利于?jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境。01

　　2. Environmental data: Oil and gas pollutants are mainly composed of volatile organic compounds such as hydrocarbons, many of which have carcinogenic effects and can be converted into ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the air. They are an important cause of atmospheric pollution problems such as photochemical smog and haze. Meanwhile, oil and gas pollutants belong to flammable and explosive gases, which are highly prone to explosions or fire accidents when exposed to fire. Through the treatment of oil and gas pollution, oil and gas can be recovered and centrally processed, further converted into gasoline, which is beneficial for conserving resources and protecting the environment. 01

　　油氣回收的政策要求

　　Policy requirements for oil and gas recovery

　　《打贏藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)三年行動計劃》《柴油貨車污染治理攻堅戰(zhàn)行動計劃》《重點行業(yè)揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物綜合治理方案》《2020年揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物治理攻堅方案》等一系列文件均提出加強(qiáng)油品儲運銷VOCs污染治理。2018年發(fā)布的《加油站油氣回收在線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)技術(shù)要求（征求意見稿）》，規(guī)定了汽車加油站在進(jìn)行油氣回收在線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)安裝建設(shè)時的系統(tǒng)組成、應(yīng)遵循的技術(shù)要求、性能指標(biāo)和安裝要求。適用于加油站油氣回收在線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計、安裝、檢驗及驗收的指導(dǎo)，也可用于油氣回收系統(tǒng)的日常運行維護(hù)監(jiān)控。為進(jìn)一步推動加油站VOCs減排，出臺了《加油站大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB 20952—2020）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)定了加油站在汽油（包括含醇汽油）卸油、儲存、加油過程中油氣排放控制要求、監(jiān)測和監(jiān)督管理要求。加油站汽油系統(tǒng)需配套安裝油氣回收設(shè)施。根據(jù)《排污單位自行監(jiān)測技術(shù)指南?儲油庫、加油站》（HJ 1249—2022）的規(guī)定，自2022年1月1日起，依法被確定為重點排污單位的加油站依法依規(guī)應(yīng)當(dāng)安裝使用自動監(jiān)測設(shè)備。這要求重點加油站必須安裝和運行油氣回收在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，以確保油氣回收效率和環(huán)境安全。

　　A series of documents, including the "Three Year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defense War," "Action Plan for Fighting Diesel Truck Pollution Control," "Comprehensive Management Plan for Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries," and "2020 Volatile Organic Compound Control Plan," all propose to strengthen the treatment of VOCs pollution in oil storage, transportation, and sales. The "Technical Requirements for Online Monitoring System of Oil and Gas Recovery at Gas Stations (Draft for Comments)" released in 2018 specifies the system composition, technical requirements, performance indicators, and installation requirements that should be followed when installing and constructing online monitoring systems for oil and gas recovery at automobile gas stations. This is a guide for the design, installation, inspection, and acceptance of online monitoring systems for oil and gas recovery at gas stations, and can also be used for daily operation, maintenance, and monitoring of oil and gas recovery systems. In order to further promote the reduction of VOCs emissions at gas stations, the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants at Gas Stations" (GB 20952-2020) standard has been issued, which stipulates the requirements for controlling oil and gas emissions during the unloading, storage, and refueling process of gasoline (including alcohol containing gasoline) at gas stations, as well as monitoring and supervision management requirements. The gasoline system at the gas station needs to be equipped with oil and gas recovery facilities. According to the "Technical Guidelines for Self Monitoring of Pollutant Discharge Units - Oil Storage Tanks and Gas Stations" (HJ 1249-2022), starting from January 1, 2022, gas stations designated as key pollutant discharge units shall install and use automatic monitoring equipment in accordance with laws and regulations. This requires key gas stations to install and operate oil and gas recovery online monitoring systems to ensure oil and gas recovery efficiency and environmental safety.

　　各地也紛紛響應(yīng)油氣回收建設(shè)要求，如《山東省加油站油氣回收在線監(jiān)控及聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)要求》規(guī)定，2022年年底前，已與生態(tài)環(huán)境部門聯(lián)網(wǎng)的年銷售汽油量大于5000噸（含）的加油站完成聯(lián)網(wǎng)升級改造。推進(jìn)年銷售汽油量大于3000噸（含）的加油站安裝油氣回收在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，并與生態(tài)環(huán)境部門聯(lián)網(wǎng)，2023—2025年，分別至少完成本市加油站保有量30%、30%、40%的聯(lián)網(wǎng)任務(wù)，2025年年底前全部完成?！逗鲜〈髿馕廴痉乐巍笆刈o(hù)藍(lán)天”攻堅行動計劃（2023—2025年）》提出，到2025年，年銷售汽油量大于5000噸（含）的加油站全面完成油氣回收在線監(jiān)測設(shè)施安裝并聯(lián)網(wǎng)?！稄V東省空氣質(zhì)量持續(xù)改善行動方案》要求到2025年，年銷售汽油量大于（含）2000噸的加油站全部安裝油氣回收自動監(jiān)控設(shè)施并與生態(tài)環(huán)境部門聯(lián)網(wǎng)。?

　　Various regions have also responded to the requirements for oil and gas recovery construction, such as the "Technical Requirements for Online Monitoring and Networking of Oil and Gas Recovery at Gas Stations in Shandong Province", which stipulates that by the end of 2022, gas stations with an annual sales volume of more than 5000 tons (including) that have been connected to the ecological environment department shall complete the network upgrade and renovation. Promote the installation of online monitoring systems for oil and gas recovery at gas stations with an annual sales volume of over 3000 tons (including), and connect them with the ecological environment department. From 2023 to 2025, at least 30%, 30%, and 40% of the city's gas station inventory will be connected, and all will be completed by the end of 2025. The Action Plan for "Guarding Blue Sky" in Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Hunan Province (2023-2025) proposes that by 2025, gas stations with an annual sales volume of more than 5000 tons (including) of gasoline will fully complete the installation and networking of online monitoring facilities for oil and gas recovery. The Action Plan for Continuous Improvement of Air Quality in Guangdong Province requires that by 2025, all gas stations with an annual sales volume of more than (including) 2000 tons of gasoline should install automatic monitoring facilities for oil and gas recovery and be connected to the ecological environment department.?

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　　加油站油氣回收工作原理

　　Working principle of gas station oil and gas recovery

　　1.卸油過程監(jiān)測01在油罐車卸油時，油氣回收系統(tǒng)會將油罐車內(nèi)的油氣通過氣相管道輸送回加油站的地下油罐。在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中的傳感器會監(jiān)測氣相管道內(nèi)的壓力、流量和油氣濃度。例如，根據(jù)伯努利方程，通過監(jiān)測壓力差和流量可以判斷油氣是否正?；厥铡Ｈ绻麎毫Σ钸^小或者流量異常，可能是卸油油氣回收裝置出現(xiàn)故障。2.加油過程監(jiān)測02當(dāng)汽車加油時，加油槍的出油動作會同時觸發(fā)油氣回收。油氣通過回收通道被收集到地下油罐或者油氣回收處理設(shè)備中。系統(tǒng)通過流量傳感器監(jiān)測加油量，同時利用壓力和濃度傳感器監(jiān)測回收油氣的狀態(tài)。例如，按照一定的油氣回收比例（如 1:1 的氣液比），當(dāng)加油量為 10?升時，理論上應(yīng)該回收 10?升左右的油氣。如果實際回收量與理論值偏差過大，系統(tǒng)就會發(fā)出警報。3.儲油過程監(jiān)測03在儲油階段，主要監(jiān)測地下油罐內(nèi)的壓力和油氣濃度變化。因為溫度變化等因素可能會導(dǎo)致油罐內(nèi)油氣壓力和濃度改變。通過監(jiān)測這些參數(shù)，可以及時發(fā)現(xiàn)油罐的密封性能是否良好。如果油罐密封不好，油氣會泄漏，導(dǎo)致油氣濃度下降和壓力異常。

　　1. Unloading process monitoring 01: When unloading oil from a tanker truck, the oil and gas recovery system will transport the oil and gas inside the tanker truck back to the underground oil tank at the gas station through gas-phase pipelines. The sensors in the online monitoring system will monitor the pressure, flow rate, and oil and gas concentration inside the gas-phase pipeline. For example, according to the Bernoulli equation, monitoring pressure difference and flow rate can determine whether oil and gas are being recovered normally. If the pressure difference is too small or the flow rate is abnormal, it may be a malfunction of the oil and gas recovery device. 2. Refueling process monitoring 02: When the car is refueling, the dispensing action of the refueling gun will simultaneously trigger the recovery of oil and gas. Oil and gas are collected into underground oil tanks or oil and gas recovery and treatment equipment through recovery channels. The system monitors the refueling volume through flow sensors, while using pressure and concentration sensors to monitor the status of recovered oil and gas. For example, according to a certain oil and gas recovery ratio (such as a 1:1 gas-liquid ratio), when the refueling amount is 10? In theory, should 10 be recycled when lifting? Approximately one liter of oil and gas. If the actual recycling amount deviates too much from the theoretical value, the system will issue an alarm. 3. Monitoring of oil storage process 03 During the oil storage stage, the main focus is on monitoring the pressure and changes in oil and gas concentration inside the underground oil tank. Due to factors such as temperature changes, the pressure and concentration of oil and gas inside the oil tank may change. By monitoring these parameters, it is possible to promptly detect whether the sealing performance of the oil tank is good. If the oil tank is not sealed properly, oil and gas will leak, causing a decrease in oil and gas concentration and abnormal pressure.

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