某廠于2015年新建300Nm?/h油氣回收處理裝置一套，油氣處理裝置采用活性炭吸附、抽真空解析的工藝回收裝車汽油油氣。但是油氣回收裝置投用以來，處理效率經(jīng)常不達標。經(jīng)過認真分析和不斷摸索，最終通過油氣降溫、調(diào)整解析壓力等工藝優(yōu)化手段有效解決了這一問題。

　　A certain factory built a set of 300Nm?/h oil and gas recovery and treatment equipment in 2015. The oil and gas treatment equipment adopts the process of activated carbon adsorption and vacuum analysis to recover gasoline oil and gas from truck loading. However, since the oil and gas recovery device was put into use, the processing efficiency often fails to meet the standard. After careful analysis and continuous exploration, this problem was effectively solved through process optimization methods such as oil and gas cooling and adjusting analytical pressure.

　　【關(guān)鍵字】：油氣回收裝置，油氣揮發(fā)，活性炭吸附，處理效率，環(huán)境污染

　　【 Keywords 】: Oil and gas recovery device, oil and gas volatilization, activated carbon adsorption, treatment efficiency, environmental pollution

　　一、油氣回收處理裝置介紹

　　1、 Introduction to Oil and Gas Recovery and Treatment Equipment

　　1、工作原理

　　1. Working principle

　　裝車油氣在微正壓的作用下，經(jīng)氣相收集管線進入活性炭罐，油氣流經(jīng)活性炭床時，油氣中的輕烴組分絕大部分被活性炭吸附，剩余少量未被吸附的輕烴與空氣，從活性炭罐的頂部達標排放，隨著活性炭吸附油氣量的增加，活性炭床逐漸飽和，系統(tǒng)自動切換到另一個活性炭罐繼續(xù)吸附油氣。

　　Under the action of slight positive pressure, the loaded oil and gas enter the activated carbon tank through the gas phase collection pipeline. When the oil and gas flow through the activated carbon bed, the majority of the light hydrocarbon components in the oil and gas are adsorbed by the activated carbon, and the remaining small amount of unadsorbed light hydrocarbons and air are discharged from the top of the activated carbon tank to meet the standard. As the amount of oil and gas adsorbed by the activated carbon increases, the activated carbon bed gradually saturates, and the system automatically switches to another activated carbon tank to continue adsorbing oil and gas.

　　啟動真空泵，對完成吸附的活性炭罐進行抽真空脫附，油氣經(jīng)真空泵輸送到吸收塔底部，同時通過貧油泵將罐內(nèi)的汽油送入吸收塔頂部噴淋，將油氣吸收，吸收油氣后的汽油被富油泵輸送回汽油罐內(nèi)。

　　Start the vacuum pump to perform vacuum desorption on the activated carbon canister that has completed adsorption. The oil and gas are transported to the bottom of the absorption tower through the vacuum pump, and the gasoline in the canister is sprayed at the top of the absorption tower through the lean oil pump to absorb the oil and gas. The absorbed gasoline is then pumped back to the gasoline tank by the rich oil pump.

　　活性炭罐脫附再生流程完成后，進行破真空作業(yè)，使活性炭罐內(nèi)壓力恢復常壓。此時正在進行吸附油氣的活性炭罐，已完成吸附流程，兩個活性炭罐進行切換，將完成真空脫附的活性炭罐投入吸附油氣作業(yè)，對吸附完成的活性炭罐進行脫附再生，從而實現(xiàn)活性炭吸附、脫附的連續(xù)切換循環(huán)作業(yè)。

　　After the desorption and regeneration process of the activated carbon canister is completed, the vacuum breaking operation is carried out to restore the pressure inside the activated carbon canister to normal pressure. At this time, the activated carbon canister for adsorbing oil and gas is in progress. The adsorption process has been completed, and two activated carbon canisters are being switched. The activated carbon canister that has completed vacuum desorption is put into the operation of adsorbing oil and gas, and the adsorbed activated carbon canister is desorbed and regenerated, thus achieving a continuous switching cycle of activated carbon adsorption and desorption.

　　2、達西批發(fā)站油氣回收裝置竣工驗收檢測情況

　　2. Completion acceptance and testing of oil and gas recovery equipment at Darcy wholesale station

　　2015年10月底達西批發(fā)站油氣回收裝置正式投用，10月22日經(jīng)第三方檢測機構(gòu)甘肅國信潤達分析測試中心對油氣回收裝置出口氣體中非甲烷總烴含量進行采樣分析，結(jié)果顯示三組檢測數(shù)據(jù)中出口油氣濃度均低于25g/m?，處理效率均高于95%。檢測結(jié)果達到了《儲油庫大氣污染物排放標準（GB20950-2007）》指標要求。

　　At the end of October 2015, the oil and gas recovery unit at Darcy Wholesale Station was officially put into use. On October 22, a third-party testing organization, Gansu Guoxin Runda Analysis and Testing Center, sampled and analyzed the non methane total hydrocarbon content in the outlet gas of the oil and gas recovery unit. The results showed that the concentration of the outlet oil and gas in the three sets of testing data was lower than 25g/m? The processing efficiency is higher than 95%. The test results have met the requirements of the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Storage Tanks (GB20950-2007)".

　　二、油氣回收裝置存在的問題

　　2、 Problems with oil and gas recovery equipment

　　從2016年3月份開始油氣回收裝置經(jīng)公司環(huán)監(jiān)部監(jiān)測站檢測多次出現(xiàn)了出口油氣排放濃度和處理效率不達標的情況。經(jīng)過查閱資料對活性炭油氣吸附能力、油氣溫度、脫附壓力以及運行工藝的全面調(diào)查和分析，認為造成這一現(xiàn)狀的主要原因有兩個：

　　Since March 2016, the oil and gas recovery unit has been repeatedly tested by the company's environmental supervision department monitoring station, and there have been cases where the export oil and gas emission concentration and treatment efficiency do not meet the standards. After a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the adsorption capacity, oil and gas temperature, desorption pressure, and operating process of activated carbon, it is believed that there are two main reasons for this situation:

　?。?）脫附壓力設(shè)定過低，造成活性炭吸附時間長吸附飽和，油氣直排。

　　(1) The desorption pressure is set too low, resulting in long adsorption time and saturation of activated carbon, leading to direct discharge of oil and gas.

　　活性炭脫附真空度設(shè)定值為3kPa，真空泵將碳罐抽至3kPa需要耗時25分鐘，整個脫附過程共計需要30分鐘。等到脫附作業(yè)完成后，另一個碳罐才能停止吸附作業(yè)進行切換，因此碳罐的吸附時間也長達30分鐘，導致活性炭吸附飽和，后續(xù)的裝車油氣無法回收直排。

　　The set value for the vacuum degree of activated carbon desorption is 3kPa, and it takes 25 minutes for the vacuum pump to pump the carbon canister to 3kPa. The entire desorption process takes a total of 30 minutes. After the desorption operation is completed, the other carbon canister can stop the adsorption operation and switch, so the adsorption time of the carbon canister is also as long as 30 minutes, resulting in saturation of activated carbon adsorption, and subsequent loading oil and gas cannot be recovered and discharged directly.

　?。?）油氣溫度過高，造成部分噴淋汽油氣化

　　(2) The oil and gas temperature is too high, causing some sprayed gasoline to vaporize

　　高溫油氣進入吸收塔后，造成部分噴淋汽油氣化，油氣返回碳罐，增加了碳罐負荷。

　　After the high-temperature oil and gas enter the absorption tower, some of the sprayed gasoline vaporizes, and the oil and gas return to the carbon canister, increasing the load on the canister.

　　1、活性炭油氣吸附量和裝車油氣產(chǎn)生量計算

　　1. Calculation of Activated Carbon Oil and Gas Adsorption Capacity and Loading Oil and Gas Production

　　1.1 活性炭油氣吸附量計算

　　1.1 Calculation of Activated Carbon Oil and Gas Adsorption Capacity

　　通過實驗得知，活性炭經(jīng)過多次使用后，活性炭的吸附率為12%，活性炭的脫附效率 31%，將數(shù)據(jù)帶入公示計算。

　　Through experiments, it was found that after multiple uses, the adsorption rate of activated carbon is 12%, and the desorption efficiency of activated carbon is 31%. The data will be included in the published calculation.

　　M吸= M碳×（η吸×η脫）

　　M absorption=M carbon x (η absorption x η desorption)

　　=2000kg ×12% × 31%

　　=2000kg ×12% × 31%

　　=74.4kg

　　=74.4kg

　　每個碳罐的油氣吸附量為74.4kg。

　　The oil and gas adsorption capacity of each carbon canister is 74.4kg.

　　1.2 裝車油氣產(chǎn)生量計算

　　1.2 Calculation of oil and gas production during loading

　　根據(jù)公式：    M實=Q氣×C入×T

　　According to the formula: M=Q gas x C input x T

　　Q氣   裝車油氣的流量  300m?/h

　　Q Gas Loading Oil and Gas Flow 300m?/h

　　C入入口的油氣濃度  600g/m?（裝車高峰期濃度監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)）

　　The oil and gas concentration at the inlet and outlet of C is 600g/m? (Concentration monitoring data during peak loading period)

　　T     吸附時間  30分鐘(0.5h)

　　T adsorption time 30 minutes (0.5h)

　　M實=Q氣×C入×T

　　M=Q gas x C input x T

　　=300 m?/h×600 g/m?g/m?×0.5h

　　=300 m?/h×600 g/m? g/m? ×0.5h

　　=90kg

　　=90kg

　　實際的油氣產(chǎn)生量為90kg。

　　The actual oil and gas production is 90kg.

　　小結(jié)：根據(jù)計算結(jié)果得知，目前的吸附切換時間30分鐘產(chǎn)生的實際裝車油氣量為90kg，而碳罐30分鐘的有效吸附量僅為74.4kg，有15.6kg油氣不能被活性炭有效吸附從碳罐頂部隨空氣一起排出，造成了尾氣超標，必須減少油氣的吸附時間。

　　Summary: According to the calculation results, the actual amount of loaded oil and gas generated by the current adsorption switching time of 30 minutes is 90kg, while the effective adsorption capacity of the carbon canister in 30 minutes is only 74.4kg. 15.6kg of oil and gas cannot be effectively adsorbed by activated carbon and are discharged from the top of the carbon canister along with the air, resulting in excessive exhaust gas. It is necessary to reduce the adsorption time of oil and gas.

　　解決方案：

　　Solution:

　　要縮短活性炭的吸附時間，首先要縮短碳罐的脫附時間，將脫附真空度進行提升，才能有效縮短脫附時間。

　　To shorten the adsorption time of activated carbon, the first step is to shorten the desorption time of the carbon canister and increase the desorption vacuum degree in order to effectively shorten the desorption time.

　　根據(jù)實驗數(shù)據(jù)，工業(yè)用油氣回收裝置的脫附真空度一般設(shè)定在8kPa-10 kPa就可以達到脫附效果。經(jīng)過現(xiàn)場測試，將碳罐真空度調(diào)整為8kPp，真空泵僅需運行11分鐘就可以達到脫附壓力，整個脫附過程不到15分鐘，比原來的30分鐘可以減少一半的時間。

　　According to experimental data, the desorption vacuum degree of industrial oil and gas recovery devices is generally set at 8kPa-10 kPa to achieve desorption effect. After on-site testing, adjusting the vacuum degree of the carbon canister to 8kPp, the vacuum pump only needs to run for 11 minutes to reach the desorption pressure, and the entire desorption process takes less than 15 minutes, which can be reduced by half compared to the original 30 minutes.

　　從活性炭脫附率曲線可以得知，脫附真空度降低、脫附時間縮短后，脫附率也會出現(xiàn)下降，按照8kPa的真空度重新計算了碳罐的油氣吸附量和油氣產(chǎn)生量。

　　From the desorption rate curve of activated carbon, it can be seen that as the desorption vacuum degree decreases and the desorption time shortens, the desorption rate also decreases. The oil and gas adsorption and production of the carbon canister were recalculated based on a vacuum degree of 8kPa.

　　真空度8kPa脫附時間15分鐘時，活性炭的有效吸附量為62.4kg，裝車油氣量為45kg，裝車油氣可以全部被活性炭吸附。將真空度調(diào)整為8kPa 完全是可行的。

　　When the vacuum degree is 8kPa and the desorption time is 15 minutes, the effective adsorption capacity of activated carbon is 62.4kg, and the amount of loaded oil and gas is 45kg. All loaded oil and gas can be adsorbed by activated carbon. Adjusting the vacuum degree to 8kPa is completely feasible.

　　在8kPa真空度的條件下，活性炭的有效吸附量（紅色曲線）在前25分鐘吸附量一直大于實際的裝車油氣量（黃色曲線），在25分鐘出現(xiàn)交叉。說明之后的裝車油氣已經(jīng)不能被活性炭完全吸附出現(xiàn)了直排的情況。因此，只要把活性炭的吸附時間控制在25分鐘以內(nèi)，完全可以全部吸附。

　　Under the condition of a vacuum degree of 8kPa, the effective adsorption capacity of activated carbon (red curve) remained higher than the actual loading oil and gas volume (yellow curve) for the first 25 minutes, and crossed at 25 minutes. After the explanation, the loaded oil and gas could no longer be completely adsorbed by activated carbon, resulting in direct discharge. Therefore, as long as the adsorption time of activated carbon is controlled within 25 minutes, it can completely adsorb.

　　2、真空泵出口油氣溫度過高，造成部分噴淋汽油氣化

　　2. The oil and gas temperature at the outlet of the vacuum pump is too high, causing some sprayed gasoline to vaporize

　　脫附時油氣被真空泵從碳罐抽出壓縮后送入吸收塔，經(jīng)過壓縮的油氣溫度會出現(xiàn)上升，現(xiàn)場檢測真空泵的出口的油氣溫度高達80-90

　　During desorption, the oil and gas are pumped out of the carbon canister by a vacuum pump and compressed before being sent to the absorption tower. The temperature of the compressed oil and gas will rise, and the oil and gas temperature at the outlet of the vacuum pump can reach 80-90 degrees Celsius during on-site testing

　　℃，高溫油氣直接被送入吸收塔中。

　　At ℃, high-temperature oil and gas are directly sent into the absorption tower.

　　在吸收塔中油氣與噴淋汽油逆向接觸吸收，過高的油氣溫度，也會使噴淋汽油因為熱傳導出現(xiàn)溫度上升，進而出現(xiàn)液體氣化的現(xiàn)象。噴淋汽油中產(chǎn)生的油氣不僅降低了噴淋吸收效果，油氣還會從吸收塔頂?shù)臍庀嗑€返回到碳罐中，加快活性炭吸附飽和，后續(xù)進入碳罐的油氣無法繼續(xù)吸附，直接從罐頂與空氣一起排出，造成尾氣排放超標。

　　In the absorption tower, oil and gas come into reverse contact with the sprayed gasoline for absorption. Excessive oil and gas temperature can also cause the sprayed gasoline to rise in temperature due to thermal conduction, leading to liquid gasification. The oil and gas generated in the spray gasoline not only reduce the spray absorption effect, but also return from the gas phase line at the top of the absorption tower to the carbon canister, accelerating the adsorption saturation of activated carbon. The oil and gas that enter the carbon canister later cannot continue to be adsorbed and are directly discharged from the top of the canister together with the air, resulting in excessive exhaust emissions.

　　現(xiàn)場使用便攜式紅外線測溫儀對吸收塔外壁溫度進行檢測為45℃左右。為了驗證分析，我們又對汽油的氣化性能進行了分析，表四是車汽的餾程范圍，初餾點為36.9℃，10%點為51.4℃。也就是說噴淋汽油在塔內(nèi)45℃的環(huán)境中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了部分氣化現(xiàn)象。油氣溫度過高造成噴淋油氣化也是油氣回收裝置尾氣排放超標的一個主要原因。

　　The portable infrared thermometer was used on site to detect the temperature of the outer wall of the absorption tower, which was around 45 ℃. In order to verify the analysis, we also analyzed the gasification performance of gasoline. Table 4 shows the distillation range of gasoline, with an initial boiling point of 36.9 ℃ and a 10% point of 51.4 ℃. That is to say, the sprayed gasoline has already undergone partial gasification in the 45 ℃ environment inside the tower. Excessive oil and gas temperature leading to spray oil gasification is also a major cause of excessive exhaust emissions from oil and gas recovery devices.

　　表四   車汽餾程范圍

　　Table 4: Range of Distillation Range for Vehicles

　　罐號

　　can number

　　名稱

　　name

　　初餾點

　　Initial boiling point

　　10%

　　10%

　　50%

　　50%

　　950%

　　950%

　　干點

　　do something

　　279

　　two hundred and seventy-nine

　　92#車汽

　　92 # Automotive

　　36.9℃

　　36.9℃

　　51.4℃

　　51.4℃

　　98.8℃

　　98.8℃

　　160.8℃

　　160.8℃

　　197.0℃

　　197.0℃

　　解決方案：

　　Solution:

　　經(jīng)過和廠家協(xié)商，要求對真空泵出口管線采取降溫措施，建議增加換熱器，將出口油氣溫度降溫至50℃以內(nèi)，同時增加氣體止回閥。在換熱器到貨安裝前，先臨時采用噴淋水的方法對油氣進行降溫。真空泵出口溫度已經(jīng)從最高90℃下降至45℃左右，吸收塔外壁溫度也從45℃下降至30℃左右。

　　After consultation with the manufacturer, it is required to take cooling measures for the outlet pipeline of the vacuum pump. It is suggested to add a heat exchanger to cool the outlet oil and gas temperature to within 50 ℃, and at the same time, add a gas check valve. Before the arrival and installation of the heat exchanger, the oil and gas are temporarily cooled by spraying water. The outlet temperature of the vacuum pump has decreased from a maximum of 90 ℃ to around 45 ℃, and the outer wall temperature of the absorption tower has also decreased from 45 ℃ to around 30 ℃.

　　四、工藝優(yōu)化效果檢測及效益分析

　　4、 Process optimization effect detection and benefit analysis

　　1、效果檢測

　　1. Effect detection

　　8月26日經(jīng)公司環(huán)監(jiān)部監(jiān)測站對油氣回收裝置的尾氣進行了檢測，數(shù)據(jù)如下：

　　On August 26th, the monitoring station of the company's environmental supervision department conducted a test on the exhaust gas of the oil and gas recovery device, and the data is as follows:

　　表五  油氣回收裝置尾氣檢測數(shù)據(jù)

　　Table 5 Tail gas detection data of oil and gas recovery device

　　檢測日期

　　Test Date

　　入口油氣濃度（g/m?）

　　Inlet oil and gas concentration (g/m?)

　　出口油氣濃度（g/m?）

　　Export oil and gas concentration (g/m?)

　　處理效率（%）

　　Processing efficiency (%)

　　2018年8月26日

　　August 26, 2018

　　548

　　five hundred and forty-eight

　　1.68

　　one point six eight

　　99.69%

　　99.69%

　　標準限值

　　standard limit

　　/

　　/

　　≤25

　　≤25

　　≥95

　　≥95

　　尾氣檢測出口濃度1.68 g/m?，處理效率為99.69%均達到了《儲油庫大氣污染物排放標準》（GB20950-2007）標準要求，處理效率較優(yōu)化調(diào)整前提升了79%效果十分顯著。

　　Exhaust gas detection outlet concentration 1.68 g/m? The processing efficiency is 99.69%, which meets the requirements of the "Air Pollutant Emission Standards for Oil Storage Tanks" (GB20950-2007). The processing efficiency has increased by 79% compared to before optimization adjustment, and the effect is very significant.

　　2、經(jīng)濟效益

　　2. Economic benefits

　　按照2017年達西汽油發(fā)運量27.3萬噸，油氣揮發(fā)損耗1‰計算（數(shù)據(jù)來源達西批發(fā)站統(tǒng)計報表），一年可產(chǎn)生的油氣揮發(fā)量為273噸，油氣回收裝置較修復前處理效率提升了79%，一年可以多回收汽油215噸，每噸汽油按7000元計算，每年可以減少油品損失151萬元，經(jīng)濟效益顯著。

　　According to the 2017 Darcy gasoline shipment volume of 273000 tons and the oil and gas volatilization loss of 1 ‰ (data source: Darcy wholesale station statistical report), the annual oil and gas volatilization amount that can be generated is 273 tons. The oil and gas recovery device has increased the processing efficiency by 79% compared to before repair, and can recover an additional 215 tons of gasoline in a year. Calculated at 7000 yuan per ton of gasoline, it can reduce oil loss by 1.51 million yuan per year, with significant economic benefits.

　　27.3萬噸×1‰×（99%-20%）×7000元=151萬元

　　273000 tons x 1 ‰ x (99% -20%) x 7000 yuan=1.51 million yuan

　　3、社會效益

　　3. Social benefits

　　裝車中產(chǎn)生的油氣不僅嚴重污染環(huán)境，危害人體健康，在遇到明火、雷擊、撞擊火花時可能引發(fā)著火爆炸等安全事故，造成大規(guī)模的人員傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失。油氣回收裝置的穩(wěn)定達標運行，可以有效回收裝車產(chǎn)生的油氣，保證灌裝過程安全環(huán)保工作全面受控。

　　The oil and gas generated during loading not only seriously pollute the environment and endanger human health, but also may cause safety accidents such as fire and explosion when encountering open flames, lightning strikes, and sparks, resulting in large-scale casualties and property losses. The stable and compliant operation of the oil and gas recovery device can effectively recover the oil and gas generated during loading, ensuring comprehensive control of the safety and environmental protection work during the filling process.

　　通過此次對達西批發(fā)站油氣回收裝置的工藝路線優(yōu)化，從中系統(tǒng)的學習了裝置的運行原理和參數(shù)設(shè)置的相關(guān)知識，也積累了一定的實踐經(jīng)驗，為今后160、163、159等油氣回收裝置的運行調(diào)整也具有積極的借鑒意義。

　　Through the optimization of the process route of the oil and gas recovery unit at Darcy Wholesale Station, we have systematically learned the relevant knowledge of the operating principles and parameter settings of the unit, and accumulated certain practical experience, which also has positive reference significance for the operation adjustment of oil and gas recovery units such as 160, 163, 159 in the future.

　　五、下一步重點工作

　　5、 Next key tasks

　　1、進一步優(yōu)化達西油氣回收裝置的工藝參數(shù)，將脫附壓力設(shè)置為10kPa，活性炭吸附時間設(shè)置為15分鐘的模式進行試驗，減少切換次數(shù)，找到最佳經(jīng)濟模式。

　　1. Further optimize the process parameters of the Darcy oil and gas recovery unit, set the desorption pressure to 10kPa and the activated carbon adsorption time to 15 minutes for testing, reduce the number of switching times, and find the optimal economic mode.

　　2、積極搜集160、163、159三套油氣回收裝置入口濃度、油氣產(chǎn)生量等基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，建立有效吸附量與裝車油氣量的對比模型，為裝置的優(yōu)化調(diào)整提供理論依據(jù)。

　　2. Actively collect basic data such as inlet concentration and oil and gas production of three sets of oil and gas recovery devices (160, 163, 159), establish a comparative model between effective adsorption capacity and loaded oil and gas volume, and provide theoretical basis for the optimization and adjustment of the devices.

　　本文由  油氣回收設(shè)備    友情奉獻.更多有關(guān)的知識請點擊  http://www.m.ralizheng.com/   真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識我們將會陸續(xù)向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from oil and gas recovery equipment For more related knowledge, please click http://www.m.ralizheng.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.