苯類罐區(qū)在日常運(yùn)行過程中產(chǎn)生大、小呼吸排氣，產(chǎn)生大量V0Cs 氣體，對人體健康及環(huán)境造成較大影響。近年來，國家為了大力推進(jìn)化工企業(yè)VOC、減排工作，相繼發(fā)布CB31570、GB31571、GB31572等相關(guān)環(huán)保規(guī)范。為了落實(shí)國家及地方關(guān)于揮發(fā)性有機(jī)液體儲罐污染防治控制要求，采用“冷凝+活性炭吸附+變壓解吸”“吸附+淺冷”兩種技術(shù)對苯類的儲罐進(jìn)行油氣回收處理，最終達(dá)到環(huán)保政策要求，為同行業(yè)苯類儲罐油氣回收治理提供寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

　　The benzene tank area generates large and small respiratory emissions during daily operation, producing a large amount of V0Cs gas, which has a significant impact on human health and the environment. In recent years, in order to vigorously promote VOC and emission reduction work in chemical enterprises, the country has successively issued relevant environmental regulations such as CB31570, GB31571, GB31572, etc. In order to implement the national and local requirements for pollution prevention and control of volatile organic liquid storage tanks, two technologies, "condensation+activated carbon adsorption+pressure swing desorption" and "adsorption+shallow cooling", were adopted to recover oil and gas from benzene storage tanks, ultimately meeting environmental policy requirements and providing valuable experience for the oil and gas recovery and treatment of benzene storage tanks in the same industry.

　　1“冷凝+活性炭吸附+變壓解吸”應(yīng)用

　　Application of "Condensation+Activated Carbon Adsorption+Pressure Swing Desorption"

　　“冷凝+活性炭吸附+變壓解吸”工藝

　　The process of "condensation+activated carbon adsorption+pressure swing desorption"

　　收集的油氣首先進(jìn)入三級冷凝部分，具體過程 如下:預(yù)冷在6~8 ℃溫度下通過預(yù)冷器進(jìn)行的，當(dāng).部分油和水凝結(jié)出來時，剩余廢氣通過第一級換熱器冷卻至-25℃左右，廢氣中再次將部分油品凝結(jié)出來，然后廢氣在二級換熱器的作用下進(jìn)--步析出 油品，溫度冷卻到-70℃左右，然后將廢氣中90%以上的烴類物質(zhì)通過三級冷凝分離出來。油氣組分直接冷凝液化，冷凝分離后的低溫低濃度油氣返回原換熱器和換熱人口回?zé)峤粨Q，交換使換熱器溫度.上升至接近常溫，油氣回收利用完成。同時，每一級管道都配備了油冷卻回收系統(tǒng)，利用制冷系統(tǒng)壓縮機(jī)送到油氣回收裝置。

　　The collected oil and gas first enter the third stage condensation section, and the specific process is as follows: pre cooling is carried out through a pre cooler at a temperature of 6-8 ℃, when When some oil and water condense out, the remaining exhaust gas is cooled to around -25 ℃ through the first stage heat exchanger. Some oil products are condensed out of the exhaust gas again, and then the exhaust gas further precipitates oil products under the action of the second stage heat exchanger. The temperature is cooled to around -70 ℃, and then more than 90% of the hydrocarbon substances in the exhaust gas are separated through the third stage condensation. The oil and gas components are directly condensed and liquefied. After condensation and separation, the low-temperature and low concentration oil and gas are returned to the original heat exchanger and undergo heat exchange with the heat exchanger, which increases the temperature of the heat exchanger Rising to near room temperature, oil and gas recovery and utilization are completed. At the same time, each level of pipeline is equipped with an oil cooling and recovery system, which uses a refrigeration system compressor to deliver to the oil and gas recovery device.

　　由于低濃度未冷凝機(jī)組在常溫條件下對油氣進(jìn)行處理，因此這部分油氣被帶人吸附系統(tǒng)，吸附系統(tǒng)由兩個平行的吸附罐(a、b)交替進(jìn)行，吸附罐對油氣通過吸附達(dá)到飽和狀態(tài)，a儲罐內(nèi)的殘余油氣組分在常壓下被吸附，經(jīng)吸附系統(tǒng)分離的廢氣通.過阻火器安全地從高空排出。當(dāng)吸附罐a飽和時，系統(tǒng)自動切入罐b進(jìn)行吸附處理，同時罐a進(jìn)行真空解吸再生吸附劑，被吸出來油氣被冷凝回到系統(tǒng)中，處理后尾氣滿足環(huán)保指標(biāo)要求，并通過排氣筒高空排出。

　　Due to the treatment of oil and gas by low concentration uncondensed units at room temperature, this part of the oil and gas is carried into the adsorption system, which consists of two parallel adsorption tanks (a, b) alternately. The adsorption tanks saturate the oil and gas through adsorption, and the residual oil and gas components in tank a are adsorbed at normal pressure. The waste gas separated by the adsorption system is passed through Safely discharge the flame arrester from a high altitude. When adsorption tank A is saturated, the system automatically switches to tank B for adsorption treatment. At the same time, tank A performs vacuum desorption to regenerate the adsorbent, and the extracted oil and gas are condensed back into the system. After treatment, the exhaust gas meets environmental protection requirements and is discharged at high altitude through the exhaust pipe.

　　2“吸附+淺冷”應(yīng)用

　　Application of "adsorption+shallow cooling"

　　企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)高度重視此項(xiàng)工作，快速地安排相關(guān)人員對同行業(yè)儲罐VOC，回收裝置處理效果進(jìn)行調(diào).研。通過調(diào)研，現(xiàn)階段對于石化行業(yè)罐區(qū)油氣回收處理效果較好的主要是“吸收+膜+吸附”、“吸附+冷凝”、“吸收+吸附”、催化氧化、燃燒法等幾種技術(shù)，考慮占地、概算、操作性等情況基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合本廠實(shí)際情況，最終需用“吸附+冷凝"的技術(shù)，對罐區(qū)的VOCs進(jìn)行治理。

　　Enterprise leaders attach great importance to this work and quickly arrange relevant personnel to adjust the treatment effect of VOC in storage tanks and recycling devices in the same industry Research. Through research, it has been found that at present, the most effective technologies for oil and gas recovery and treatment in the petrochemical industry tank area are "absorption+membrane+adsorption", "adsorption+condensation", "absorption+adsorption", catalytic oxidation, combustion method, etc. Considering the land occupation, budget, operability, and other factors, combined with the actual situation of our factory, the "adsorption+condensation" technology is ultimately needed to treat VOCs in the tank area.

　　“吸附+淺冷”工藝

　　Adsorption+Shallow Cooling "Process

　　原料油氣經(jīng)油氣總線進(jìn)人油氣回收裝置，先經(jīng)凝液罐分出凝液，再經(jīng)風(fēng)機(jī)升壓后進(jìn)人由A、B兩座吸附床組成的吸附床組。每座吸附床依次經(jīng)歷吸附、真空回收、真空清洗、充壓等過程。

　　The raw oil and gas enter the oil and gas recovery unit through the oil and gas bus. The condensate is first separated from the condensate tank, and then pressurized by the fan before entering the adsorption bed group consisting of two adsorption beds, A and B. Each adsorption bed undergoes processes such as adsorption, vacuum recovery, vacuum cleaning, and pressurization in sequence.

　　吸附階段:經(jīng)過增壓后油氣從吸附床底部流人到床層。在通過吸附層時，吸附劑吸附氣中的有機(jī)物，而剩下的氣體則通過吸附層的上端出口排放到 離地表高15 m的排氣筒中，然后直接排放到大氣中。在吸附床達(dá)到一定程度不能在吸收后，按照起動方式，自動開啟系統(tǒng)，使吸附床進(jìn)人再循環(huán)的過程。吸附床再生共包括真空回收、真空清洗、充壓等3個階段。

　　Adsorption stage: After pressurization, oil and gas flow from the bottom of the adsorption bed to the bed layer. When passing through the adsorption layer, the adsorbent adsorbs organic matter in the gas, while the remaining gas is discharged through the upper outlet of the adsorption layer into an exhaust pipe 15 meters above the surface, and then directly discharged into the atmosphere. After the adsorption bed reaches a certain level of inability to absorb, the system will automatically start according to the start-up method, allowing the adsorption bed to enter the process of recycling. The regeneration of adsorption bed includes three stages: vacuum recovery, vacuum cleaning, and pressurization.

　　真空回收:打開吸附床人口側(cè)的抽真空閥和回收閥，用真空泵對吸附床進(jìn)行抽真空。當(dāng)真空壓力逐漸減小，相應(yīng)吸附壓力減小，使吸附于吸附劑表面的有機(jī)物質(zhì)會慢慢脫附。被抽吸廢氣經(jīng)過循環(huán)冷卻器冷卻到正常的水平，然后用低溫工作液將其冷卻到15℃，此時，脫附氣中的大多數(shù)有機(jī)物質(zhì)被冷凝成液態(tài)，然后進(jìn)行回收到回收箱中，通過過濾和泵增壓，然后將其送出系統(tǒng)。在回收罐頂處不凝結(jié)氣體與原料氣體相結(jié)合。

　　Vacuum recovery: Open the vacuum valve and recovery valve on the population side of the adsorption bed, and use a vacuum pump to evacuate the adsorption bed. As the vacuum pressure gradually decreases, the corresponding adsorption pressure decreases, causing the organic substances adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent to slowly desorb. The extracted exhaust gas is cooled to a normal level through a circulating cooler, and then cooled to 15 ℃ with low-temperature working fluid. At this point, most of the organic substances in the desorbed gas are condensed into liquid form, and then recovered into a recovery tank. After filtration and pump pressurization, it is sent out of the system. At the top of the recycling tank, non condensable gas combines with the raw material gas.

　　真空清潔:吸附床被真空泵抽吸作用，通過開啟清洗氣電磁閥，通過注人少量的氮?dú)猓刮狡?表面的有機(jī)物質(zhì)被分離出來。在真空凈化過程中獲，得的脫附氣與在真空過程中獲得的脫附氣相同，也經(jīng)過相同的過程，最后將脫附氣中的有機(jī)物質(zhì)凝結(jié)成液態(tài)，不凝結(jié)氣體再回流至原烴。在真空凈化后，對吸附層進(jìn)行了完全的恢復(fù)。

　　Vacuum cleaning: The adsorption bed is sucked by a vacuum pump, and by opening the cleaning gas solenoid valve and injecting a small amount of nitrogen gas, the adsorber is cleaned The organic substances on the surface are separated. The desorbed gas obtained during the vacuum purification process is the same as the desorbed gas obtained during the vacuum process, and undergoes the same process. Finally, the organic substances in the desorbed gas are condensed into liquid form, and the uncondensed gas is refluxed back to the original hydrocarbon. After vacuum purification, the adsorption layer was completely restored.

　　充壓階段:打開吸附床出口側(cè)的破真空閥，逐漸用氮?dú)鈱⑽酱财普婵罩链髿鈮骸?/p>

　　Pressurization stage: Open the vacuum breaking valve on the outlet side of the adsorption bed and gradually use nitrogen to break the vacuum of the adsorption bed to atmospheric pressure.

　　3應(yīng)用對比

　　3 Application Comparison

　　運(yùn)行及處理效果分析

　　Analysis of Operation and Processing Effectiveness

　　1 )“冷凝+活性炭吸附+變壓解吸”:企業(yè)是2017年在國家剛提出VOCs治理時積極響應(yīng)國家政策進(jìn)行的VOCs第一-次改造，此時國內(nèi)罐區(qū)油氣回收裝置不多，設(shè)計經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，VOCs設(shè)備制造廠家魚龍混雜，在這種情況下此套V0Cs撬裝設(shè)備的轉(zhuǎn)動設(shè)備較多，投用后，三級冷凝不能穩(wěn)定達(dá)到設(shè)計指標(biāo)，影響廢氣處理效果，且由于設(shè)備問題不能連續(xù)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行造成處理裝置出口尾氣非甲烷烴不能穩(wěn)定達(dá)標(biāo)排放。

　　1) "Condensation+Activated Carbon Adsorption+Pressure Swing Desorption": The enterprise actively responded to the national policy of VOCs control in 2017 and carried out the first VOCs transformation. At that time, there were not many oil and gas recovery devices in the domestic tank area, and the design experience was insufficient. VOCs equipment manufacturers were mixed. In this situation, there were many rotating equipment in this set of V0Cs pry mounted equipment. After being put into use, the third stage condensation could not stably reach the design indicators, affecting the effectiveness of waste gas treatment. Moreover, due to equipment problems, the continuous and stable operation of the treatment device resulted in the inability to discharge non methane hydrocarbons at the outlet of the treatment device to meet the standard.

　　2 )“吸附+淺冷”工藝流程短，工藝所需要的轉(zhuǎn)動設(shè)備較少，此工藝是在常溫常壓下進(jìn)行吸附、減壓、氣提、脫附，采用淺冷的工藝進(jìn)行回收的工藝，流程相對簡單。從監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)分析，處理裝置出.口尾氣能穩(wěn)定達(dá)標(biāo)排放。

　　2) The "adsorption+shallow cooling" process has a short process flow and requires fewer rotating equipment. This process involves adsorption, depressurization, gas extraction, and desorption at room temperature and pressure, and uses a shallow cooling process for recovery. The process is relatively simple. From monitoring data analysis, processing device output The exhaust gas from the mouth can stably meet the emission standards.

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